Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Durable Deck

Building your own deck is a fun and rewarding project that can make you feel like a true champion of DIY! Just think how great it will feel to crack open a cold one on a beautiful deck that you built with your own two hands! Building a deck is a great way to improve your home and boost your confidence.

Don’t worry if you’ve never built anything like this before. With the right plan and clear steps, even beginners can create a strong and stylish deck. That’s why Royal Deck has put together this simple, 10-step DIY deck-building guide to help you build a deck from the ground up.

Step 1: Plan Your Deck

Every great deck starts with a solid plan! Begin by deciding on the size and shape of your deck. Will it be a simple square or a larger, more creative design? Use a tape measure to mark the area where your deck will go, and sketch out a basic layout to guide you.

Next, figure out the important structural elements, such as footings, beams, and joists. These are the parts that will keep your deck strong and safe.

Finally, choose your materials. Wood is a classic option, but composite decking is an excellent low-maintenance alternative that lasts longer and resists wear and tear. When making your choice, consider your budget, climate, and personal style.

Take your time during this step—it sets the foundation for everything that comes next.

Step 2: Gather Tools and Materials

Before you start building a deck, it’s time to gather everything you’ll need. Having the right tools and materials ready will save you time and prevent unnecessary trips to the store.

Tools you’ll need:

• Shovel for digging footings.
• Drill and hammer for assembling your deck.
• Circular saw for cutting wood or composite boards to size.
• Measuring tape to ensure accurate cuts and spacing.
• Level to keep everything straight and stable.

Materials to have on hand:

• Deck boards (wood or composite) for the flooring.
• Screws and nails to secure everything in place.
• Concrete for the footings.
• Wood posts, beams, and joists for the deck frame.

Don’t forget safety gear!

• Wear gloves to protect your hands from splinters and cuts.
• Use safety goggles to shield your eyes while cutting or drilling.

Check your list twice before getting started. With all your tools and materials ready, you’ll be set to move forward without interruptions.

Step 3: Prepare the Site

Now that you’ve got your tools and materials ready, it’s time to prep the area where your deck will go. A little effort here will make the rest of the project much easier!

Clear the Area

Start by removing any grass, plants, or debris from the area. This ensures you have a clean slate to work with and prevents anything from interfering with your deck’s foundation. If you have stubborn roots or rocks, grab a shovel or garden fork to clear them out.

Check the Ground

Make sure the ground is level or slightly sloped away from your house for proper drainage. This helps water flow away from your deck, keeping it dry and preventing rot or structural issues. If the ground isn’t quite right, use a rake or shovel to even it out.

Mark Your Deck’s Perimeter

Using stakes and string, outline the shape and size of your deck. This helps you visualize the space and ensures you’re building within your planned dimensions. Double-check your measurements to avoid surprises later.

Step 4: Install Footings

Your deck’s foundation starts with sturdy footings, which will keep everything strong and stable for years to come. This step may require a little digging, but it’s well worth the effort to ensure your deck stays secure.

Dig Holes for Footings

Using a post-hole digger or shovel, dig holes at each corner of your deck and where the support beams will be. Make sure the holes are below the frost line to prevent shifting during freeze-thaw cycles. Check your local building codes to determine the correct depth and spacing for the footings.

Use Tube Forms

For a more uniform and professional result, place cardboard tube forms into the holes before pouring the concrete. These forms help shape the footings, keep the concrete contained, and provide extra stability. Tube forms are especially helpful for beginners, as they simplify the process and ensure the footings are consistent in size and shape.

Pour the Concrete

Mix your concrete according to the package instructions and pour it into each hole. Fill them to just below ground level, ensuring a solid base for your support posts. Use a trowel to smooth the surface, and make sure the top of each footing is level.

Set Metal Brackets

While the concrete is still wet, carefully place metal brackets into the center of each footing. These brackets will hold your support posts securely in place. Double-check their alignment with your deck’s layout.

Step 5: Add Support Posts

Now that your footings are solid, it’s time to add the support posts—the “legs” of your deck. These posts will hold up the entire frame, so precision is key!

Attach the Posts

Take your pressure-treated wood posts and secure them to the metal brackets embedded in the footings. Use heavy-duty screws or bolts to attach them firmly. This connection ensures your posts are stable and ready to handle the deck’s weight.

Check for Vertical Alignment

Grab a level and check that each post is perfectly plumb (straight up and down). Adjust as needed before tightening the screws completely. This step is essential for keeping your deck even and structurally sound.

Trim to the Right Height

Measure from the ground to the desired height of your deck, marking each post accordingly. Use a circular saw to trim the tops of the posts to the correct level. Double-check your measurements to avoid uneven cuts.

Step 6: Attach Beams

With the support posts standing tall and sturdy, it’s time to add the beams—the backbone of your deck’s structure. Beams distribute the weight of the deck and provide a strong base for the joists.

Position the Beams

Lay the beams horizontally on top of the support posts. These long, sturdy boards run parallel to the width of your deck. Align them carefully so they sit flush with the tops of the posts.

Secure the Connection

Use metal brackets, screws, or bolts to firmly attach the beams to the support posts. Make sure everything is tightly secured—these connections will hold up the weight of the decking and anything placed on it.

Check for Levelness

Grab your trusty level and check that the beams are even from end to end. If needed, adjust the placement slightly to ensure the beams are perfectly level. This DIY deck-building step is essential for balanced and professional-looking results.

Step 7: Install Joists

Now that your beams are securely in place, it’s time to add the joists. These horizontal boards run perpendicular to the beams and act as the foundation for your deck flooring. Properly spaced and secured joists ensure a stable and durable deck.

Position the Joists

Place the joists on the beams perpendicular to their direction. Start at one end and work your way across the deck. Mark out where each joist will go, keeping them evenly spaced—typically 16 inches apart.

Secure with Joist Hangers

Attach each joist to the beams using joist hangers. These metal brackets provide a secure connection and prevent movement. Make sure each joist is flush with the top of the beams and perfectly level.

Add Blocking for Stability

For larger decks or areas where more stability is needed, install blocking (small pieces of wood) between the joists. This prevents twisting and adds strength to the frame. Space-blocking pieces in a zigzag pattern every 4-6 feet for maximum stability.

Step 8: Lay the Deck Boards

Now comes the exciting part—adding the deck boards! This is where your hard work starts to take shape, making this skeleton start to look like an actual deck!

Start from One End

Begin at one side of your deck and lay your first deck board along the edge. Secure it to the joists using screws or hidden fasteners, depending on your material and design choice. Hidden fasteners give your deck a sleek, nail-free surface, while screws are more straightforward for beginners.

Maintain Proper Gaps

For proper drainage and to prevent the boards from swelling during wet weather, leave a small gap—about ⅛ inch—between each board. You can use spacers or even a couple of nails as a guide to keep the gaps consistent as you go.

Work Your Way Across

Continue laying boards one at a time, securing them firmly to the joists. Double-check alignment frequently to keep your deck surface straight and even. If your boards are slightly bowed, gently nudge them into place before fastening.

Trim Excess for a Polished Finish

Once all the boards are installed, use a circular saw to trim any overhanging edges for a clean, uniform look. Congratulations—your deck is starting to look like a deck!

Step 9: Add Railings and Stairs (if needed)

With your deck boards in place, it’s time to add the finishing touches that ensure safety and ease of use: railings and stairs.

Attach Railings for Safety

If your deck is elevated, railings are a must. They provide a sturdy barrier to prevent falls and keep your family and guests safe. Secure the railing posts to the deck frame using bolts, ensuring they’re stable and meet local building code height requirements. Attach the horizontal rails and balusters (vertical posts), keeping the spacing small enough—typically less than 4 inches apart—to comply with safety standards.

Install Stairs for Easy Access

If your deck is raised, stairs will connect it seamlessly to the ground. Pre-cut stair stringers are a great option for beginners, as they simplify the process and ensure consistency. Attach the stringers to the deck frame and anchor them to the ground for stability. Add risers (vertical boards) and treads (horizontal steps), making sure they meet code requirements for height and depth.

Check Stability

Give everything a final check to make sure that railings are secure and stairs feel solid underfoot. Railings and stairs complete your deck’s look and make it a safe, inviting space!

Step 10: Finish and Seal

Now that your deck is built, it’s time to add the final touches that will protect it from the elements and give it a polished look.

Sand the Edges

Walk around your deck and check for any rough edges or splinters, especially along cut areas. Use sandpaper or a power sander to smooth these spots. This not only improves the appearance but also ensures the surface is safe to walk on.

Seal or Stain

If you’ve used wood decking, apply a wood stain or sealant to protect it from moisture, sun damage, and general wear and tear. Choose a stain color that brings out the wood’s natural beauty, or go for a clear sealant for a more natural look. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for drying times and multiple coats.

Clean Composite Decking

Sealing or staining isn’t necessary for composite decking. Instead, give the surface a good clean with soap and water to remove any dust or debris left from construction. This will leave your deck looking fresh and ready for use.

Enjoy Your New Deck!

Once the finishing touches are complete, your deck is ready for action. Whether it’s hosting a backyard barbecue or relaxing in the sun, you’ve created a space you can be proud of.

Build a Durable Deck with Royal Deck

Congratulations! You’ve just completed your DIY deck-building project, an impressive accomplishment that will enhance your outdoor space and your use of it.

Building a deck may seem challenging at first, but with proper planning, the right tools, and step-by-step guidance, even beginners can succeed. If you ever feel stuck or need expert assistance, Royal Deck is here to help. Whether you’re dreaming of a brand-new deck or a cozy porch or need expert resurfacing to bring an old deck back to life, we’ve got you covered.

Contact Royal Deck today to bring your deck vision to life!